![]() ![]() It proves helpful in understanding the mechanism of muscle action and movement i.e. The longitudinal section of skeletal muscle explains the organization and pattern of muscle fibers. ![]() The dissection at the longitudinal section will help in understanding the cellular and tissue level organization of an organism. When the internal anatomical structures are compared with the fossil evidence, it helps to gain knowledge about evolutionary history. Longitudinal section study also proves very helpful in the study of evolution. The nervous and digestive systems of elongated animals like snakes and worms can be studied easily through the longitudinal section. They are cut into different planes or sections accordingly for detailed view and research.įor a better understanding of structures and their physiology, the longitudinal view proves very useful and helpful. So the dissection is done on dead bodies. It is not possible to dissect the living animal or human transversely or longitudinally. The reason for the importance of the transverse and longitudinal planes is that they help to study the hidden organs and tissues of the body more openly and clearly. In the study of anatomical structures of plants and animals, the transverse and longitudinal sections are very important. Image Credit: David Richfield and Mikael Häggström, M.D. Legend: Longitudinal plane, Parasagittal plane, Frontal or Coronal plane, and Transverse or Axial plane. The plane that runs vertically is the longitudinal plane. It is also known as the horizontal plane.įigure 1: The different anatomical planes of the human body: coronal plane, transverse plane, and sagittal plane. Transverse Section: This plane divides the body into cranial and caudal parts, which means head and tail portion.It is also referred to as the frontal or coronal plane and it shows the coronal view. Coronal Section: This plane divides the body into dorsal and ventral or anterior-posterior parts.It is also named an anteroposterior or longitudinal plane. It splits the body to the right and left. Longitudinal section: This plane is parallel to the sagittal suture.Small sacs are found extending from the walls of the terminalīronchii called respiratory bronchioles (R), that are lined byĪ ciliated cuboidal epithelium, and some non-ciliated cells called clara cells. Muscle to contract, and reduce the diameter of the terminal bronchioles. Stimulation of the vagus nerve (parasympathetic) causes the smooth These have a layer smooth muscle surrounding their lumens. The final branches of the bronchioles are called terminal bronchioles. The epithelium is either columnar or cuboidal. There is no cartilage, or glands, some smooth muscle is still present, there are no goblet cells. Note that this is at a lower magnification than the three pictures above.This is the last part of the conducting portion of the respiratory system, and has the smallest diameter of all (less than 1mm). This picture shows a Terminal bronchiole (TB in the diagram). This helps to keep the lungs free of particles and bacteria. Transported upwards towards the pharynx by the cilia on the epithlium. The mucous, together with mucous from the gobletĬells traps particles from the air which are The watery secretions from the serous glands humidify the inspired air. The sub-mucosa contains glands which are mixed sero-mucous glands. Recoil of the trachea during inspiration and expiration, together The epithelium contains elastin, that plays a role in the elastic The epithelium is tall columnar pseudostratified The respiratory mucosa is made up of the epithelium and supporting The air, and to trap particles in mucous. The respiratory mucosa and submucosa are adapted to warm and moisten Together these hold the lumen of the trachea open, but allowįlexibility during inspiration and expiration. The trachealis muscle - a bundle of smooth muscle, and fibroelastic The gaps between the rings of cartilage are filled by Open by 20 tracheal cartilages, which are C-shaped rings of hyalineĬartilage. The trachea is a wide flexible tube, the lumen of which is kept ![]()
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